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Human Trafficking
An Organised Crime?
For sale in CIS only!
"Human trafficking" brings to mind gangsters forcing people, often women and girls, to engage in dangerous activities against their will, under threat of violence. However, human trafficking is not limited to the sex trade, and this picture is inadequate. It occurs in many different industries––domestic service, construction, factory labour, on farms and fishing boats––and targets people from all over the globe.
Human trafficking is much more complicated and nuanced picture than its common representations. Victims move through multiple categories along their journey and at their destination, shifting from smuggled migrant to trafficking victim and back again several times. The emergence of a criminal pyramid scheme also makes many victims complicit in their own exploitation. Finally, the threat posed by the involvement of organised crime is little understood. The profit motives and violence that come with such crime make human trafficking more dangerous for its victims and difficult to detect or address.
Drawing on field research in source, transit and destination countries, the authors analyse trafficking from four countries: Albania, Eritrea, Nigeria and Vietnam. What emerges is a business model that evolves in response to changes in legislation, governance and law enforcement capacities.
"Human trafficking" brings to mind gangsters forcing people, often women and girls, to engage in dangerous activities against their will, under threat of violence. However, human trafficking is not limited to the sex trade, and this picture is inadequate. It occurs in many different industries––domestic service, construction, factory labour, on farms and fishing boats––and targets people from all over the globe.
Human trafficking is much more complicated and nuanced picture than its common representations. Victims move through multiple categories along their journey and at their destination, shifting from smuggled migrant to trafficking victim and back again several times. The emergence of a criminal pyramid scheme also makes many victims complicit in their own exploitation. Finally, the threat posed by the involvement of organised crime is little understood. The profit motives and violence that come with such crime make human trafficking more dangerous for its victims and difficult to detect or address.
Drawing on field research in source, transit and destination countries, the authors analyse trafficking from four countries: Albania, Eritrea, Nigeria and Vietnam. What emerges is a business model that evolves in response to changes in legislation, governance and law enforcement capacities.
About the author
Sasha Jesperson is Director of Transnational Challenges at Aktis Strategy. Rune Henriksen is Deputy Director of the RHIPTO Norwegian Center for Global Analyses.
Anne-Marie Barry is a research associate with the Centre for the Study of Modern Slavery, St Mary's University.
Michael Jones is a National Security and Resilience Team research analyst at RUSI.
Anne-Marie Barry is a research associate with the Centre for the Study of Modern Slavery, St Mary's University.
Michael Jones is a National Security and Resilience Team research analyst at RUSI.